The best way for a beginner to learn coding and understand how the language behaves would be to develop simple games. Here I am trying to develop a simple tic tac toe game without any special libraries except for numpy.
Tic Tac Toe is a very simple game that is played on a board which is similar to a 3x3 matrix, and played with Xs and Os. So in this code also we will be using a 3x3 numpy matrix to represent the board and the changes will be made on them.
The game here has 2 modes:
player vs player(pvsp)
player vs computer(pvsc)
Algorithm for the code
step 1: Start
step 2: create a tic tac class with necessary attributes and methods.
step 3: Menu for game mode is printed.
step 4: Input the option from user.
step 5: if option = 1; call player vs player function(pvsp()) ; goto step 7
step 6: if option = 2; call player vs computer function(pvsc()) ; goto step 10
step 7: first player is allowed to enter the symbol, then next person is allowed
step 8: after each entry, the board is checked for winning pairs.
step 9: when a pair is found it finishes and prints the winner. goto step 14
step 10: player is allowed to enter his symbol, then computer choses a cell to enter its.
step 11: each time the winning condition is checked.
step 12: when a winning condition is found, winner is printed.
step 13: when no more cells are left, prints draw.
step 14: Stop
Flowchart
Code
import random as rn
import numpy as np
class tictac:
def __init__(self):
self.board = np.full([3,3],'-')
self.state = np.arange(1,10).reshape(3,3)
self.chance = 0
self.over = False
self.x = np.array(['X','X','X'])
self.o = np.array(['O','O','O'])
self.statenames = [i for i in range(1,10)]
self.option()
def option(self):
print(" ______________________________")
print("| Select the mode of game: |")
print("| 1:PLAY WITH ANOTHER PLAYER |")
print("| 2:PLAY WITH COMPUTER |")
print("|______________________________|")
option = int(input("Enter your option: "))
if option not in [1,2]:
print("Enter a valid option...!!!")
self.option()
elif option == 1:
self.pvsp()
elif option == 2:
self.pvsc()
def pvsp(self):
print("__________________________________")
print("Cell representation")
print(self.state)
print("__________________________________")
print("Player 1 --> 'O'.")
print("Player 2 --> 'X'.")
self.chance = 1
while self.chance:
if len(self.statenames) == 0:
print("No more cells available...")
print("Its a DRAW...!!!")
return
print("__________________________________")
print(" Board ")
print(self.board)
print("__________________________________")
if self.chance == 1:
print("Player 1's turn...")
self.index = int(input("select the cell to add 'O': "))
if self.index <= 0 or self.index > 9:
print("enter a valid location...")
continue
if self.index in self.statenames:
self.i, self.j = np.where(state == self.index)
self.i, self.j = int(self.i) , int(self.j)
self.board[self.i][self.j] = "O"
print(self.state)
self.statenames.remove(self.index)
self.check()
if self.over == True:
print(self.board)
print("***********************")
print(" Player 1 Won!!! ")
print(" Game over... ")
print("***********************")
self.chance = 0
continue
else:
self.chance = 2
else :
print("Cell already taken...")
continue
elif self.chance==2 :
print("Player 2's turn...")
self.index = int(input("select the cell to add X :"))
if self.index <= 0 or self.index > 9:
print("enter a valid location...")
continue
if self.index in self.statenames:
self.i, self.j = np.where(self.state == self.index)
self.i, self.j = int(self.i) , int(self.j)
self.board[self.i][self.j] = "X"
print(self.state)
self.statenames.remove(self.index)
self.check()
if self.over == True:
print(self.board)
print("***********************")
print(" Player 2 Won!!! ")
print(" Game over... ")
print("***********************")
self.chance = 0
continue
else:
self.chance = 1
else:
print("Cell already taken...")
continue
def check(self):
self.d1 = []
self.d2 = []
if (self.i,self.j) in [ (0,0) ,(0,2) ,(1,1) ,(2,1) ,(2,2)]:
for a in range(3):
self.d1.append(self.board[a][a])
self.d2.append(self.board[2-a][2-a])
self.m1 = np.array(self.d1)
self.m2 = np.array(self.d2)
if ((self.m1) == (self.x)).all() or ((self.m1) == (self.o)).all() or ((self.m2) == (self.x)).all() or ((self.m2) == (self.o)).all():
self.over = True
return
if (self.board[:,self.j] == self.x).all() or (self.board[:,self.j] == self.o).all() or (self.board[self.i,:] == self.x).all() or (self.board[self.i,:] == self.o).all():
self.over = True
return
else:
return
else:
if((self.m1) == (self.x)).all() or ((self.m1) == (self.o)).all() or ((self.m2) == (self.x)).all() or ((self.m2) == (self.o)).all():
self.over = True
return
if (self.board[:,self.j] == self.x).all() or (self.board[:,self.j] == self.o).all() or (self.board[self.i,:] == self.x).all() or (self.board[self.i,:] == self.o).all():
self.over = True
return
else:
return
def pvsc(self):
while self.chance:
if len(self.statenames) == 0:
print("No more cells available...")
print("Its a DRAW...!!!")
return
print("__________________________________")
print("Cell representation")
print(self.state)
print("__________________________________")
print("You --> 'O'.")
print("Computer --> 'X'.")
self.chance = 1
while self.chance:
print("__________________________________")
print("Board")
print(self.board)
print("__________________________________")
if self.chance == 1:
print("Your turn...")
self.index = int(input("select the cell to add 'O': "))
if self.index <= 0 or self.index > 9:
print("enter a valid location...")
continue
if self.index in self.statenames:
self.i, self.j = np.where(self.state == self.index)
self.i, self.j = int(self.i) , int(self.j)
self.board[self.i][self.j] = "O"
print(self.state)
self.statenames.remove(self.index)
self.check()
if self.over == True:
print(self.board)
print("***********************")
print(" You Won!!! ")
print(" Game over... ")
print("***********************")
self.chance = 0
continue
else:
self.chance = 2
else:
print("Cell already taken...")
continue
elif self.chance==2 :
self.index = rn.choice(self.statenames)
print("THE computer selected : ", self.index)self.i, self.j = np.where(self.state == self.index)
self.i, self.j = int(self.i) , int(self.j)
self.board[self.i][self.j] = "X"
print(self.state)
self.statenames.remove(self.index)self.check()
if self.over == True:
print(self.board)
print("***************************")
print(" Computer Won!!! ")
print(" Game over... ")
print("***************************")
self.chance = 0
continueelse:
self.chance = 1
game = tictac()
Hope you enjoyed.